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Lesson 67:The weeked(周末)

一:一般过去时(was/were)?

什么是 “时” 与 “态” ?

动作发生的时间被称为“时”;动作发生的状态被称为“态”。
动词用来表示动作(情况)发生时间的各种形式称为时态。
在英语中,时态主要有“现在时(do),过去时(did)和将来时(willdo)”

过去(Past)   现在(Now)   将来(Future)
  | ------------ | ----------- |

“一般过去时”表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,与“一般现在时”几乎是一一对应的关系。

语法:一般过去时(was/were)的肯定句

在这里需要引进两个单词(was/were),它们是从 be(am/is/are) 动词当中变过来的。

be动词 be动词的过去时
am / is was
are were

例子

He is a teacher.(他是一位老师。 | 彼は先生です。)[一般现在时]
He was a teacher.(他曾经是一位老师。 | 彼はかつて教師でした。)[一般过去时]

①:He was ill. He's better now.(他曾经生病了,现在好多了。 | 彼は以前病気だったが。今は良くなりました。)
②:We were at home in the morning. Now we are at school.(早上我们曾在家,而现在我们在学校。 | 私たちは朝家にいましたが、今は学校にいます。)

语法:一般过去时(was/were)的否定句

其构成方式与一般现在时的否定句构造方式几乎一样。

was / were + not

*was / were + not = wasn't / weren't

例子

①:They weren't at school.(他们之前没在学校里呆着。 | 彼らは以前この学校にいなかった。)
②:She wasn't thirsty.(她之前并不渴。 | 彼女は以前喉が渇いていなかった。)
③:This wasn't us.(这个不是我们弄得。 | これはわしらではない。)

语法:一般过去时(was/were)的一般疑问句

其构成方式与一般现在时的一般疑问句构造方式几乎一样。

Was / Were(提到句首)

例子

①:She was hungry. Was she hungry?(她饿了。她饿了吗? | 彼女はお腹がすいていた。彼女はお腹がすいていましたか?)
②:He was at work. Was he at work?(他之前在工作。 他之前在工作吗? | 彼は仕事中だった。彼は仕事中でしたか?)
③:We were happy. Were you happy?(我们曾经很欢乐。我们以前很快乐吗? | 私たちはかつてとても幸せでした。私たちはかつてとても幸せでしたか?)

语法:一般过去时(was/were)的特殊疑问句

其构成方式与一般现在时的特殊疑问句构造方式几乎一样。

特殊疑问句 = 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句

例子

①:Was he at work in the morning? When was he at work?(他曾经在早上工作吗?他曾经在什么时候工作? | 彼は朝に働いていましたか? 彼は以前いつ働いていましたか?)
②:Was she at school in the afternoon? Where was she in the afternoon?(她下午曾经待在学校吗?她下午曾经待在哪里? | 彼女はかつて午後学校にいましたか? 彼女はかつて午後どこにいますか?)


二:如何表达“缺席”?

be absent from(在某地点缺勤或缺席)

例子

①:Tim is absent from school again.(蒂姆没有来学校。 | ティムは学校を欠席しました。)
②:Tim was absent from school yesterday.(蒂姆从昨天开始就没来学校了。 | ティムは昨日から学校を欠席しました。)


三:如何表达“乡村音乐”?

country music(乡村音乐)


四:否定疑问句-难道?

“否定疑问句”指的是在英语当中一般疑问句的否定形式。

变换方法是将一般疑问句句首的词变为其否定形式即可。

例子

She is Marisa.(她是玛丽莎。 | 彼女はマリサです。)
Is she Marisa?(她是玛丽莎吗? | 彼女はマリサですか?)[一般疑问句]
Isn't she Marisa?(难道她不是玛丽莎吗? | もしかして、彼女はマリサではないの?)[否定疑问句]

①:Can't you see me?(你难不成看不见我? | 私の姿が見えないのですか?)
②:Isn't she sleeping?(难道她不是在睡觉吗? | 彼女は寝ているんじゃないですか?)
③:Doesn't he look ill?(他看起来难道没有生病吗? | 彼は体調が悪そうに見えないの?)


单词

/ˈɡriːnɡrəʊsə/
greengrocer  n.[C]蔬菜水果店
组合词:green(绿色) + grocer(食品杂货店店主)
联系:grocery(食品杂货店店主) ≈ stores(百货商店) ≈ shops(商店)

/ˈæbsənt/
absent  adj.缺席的
例子:
①:be absent from(在某地点缺勤或缺席)
②:Tim is absent from school again.(蒂姆没有来学校。 | ティムは学校を欠席しました。)
③:Tim was absent from school yesterday.(蒂姆从昨天开始就没来学校了。 | ティムは昨日から学校を欠席しました。)

/kiːp/
keep  v.(身体健康)处于(...状况)

/spend/
spend  v.度过
例子:
①:spend st. sw.某个时间某个地点停留、度过)
②:The students spend five days in the school every week.(学生们每周在学校呆五天。 | 生徒たちは毎週 5 日間を学校で過ごします。)
③:I spend 2 hours in the gym every day.(我每天花2个小时在健身房。 | 私は毎日2時間をジムで過ごします。)

/ˈkʌntri/
country  n.[U]乡村
例子:
①:We're gonna spend five days in the country.(我们要在乡下度过五天。 | 私たちは故郷で5日間過ごすつもりです。)
②:Are you going to spend six days in the country?(你打算在乡下呆六天吗? | 故郷で6日間過ごすつもり?)

/ˈkʌntri mjuːzɪk/
country music  乡村音乐

/ˈlʌki/
lucky  adj.幸运的
例子:
①:lucky number(幸运数字)
②:What's your lucky number?(你的幸运数字是多少? | あんたのラッキーナンバーは何?)
③:He was very lucky.(他曾经很幸运。 | 以前の彼は幸運だった。)

/ˈmʌndeɪ/
Monday  n.[C]星期一,周一

/ˈtjuːzdeɪ/
Tuesday  n.[C]星期二,周二

/ˈwenzdeɪ/
Wednesday  n.[C]星期三,周三

/ˈθɜːzdeɪ/
Thursday  n.[C]星期四,周四

/ˈfraɪdeɪ/
Friday  n.[C]星期五,周五

/ˈsætədeɪ/
Saturday  n.[C]星期六,周六

/ˈsʌndeɪ/
Sunday  n.[C]星期日,周日

/ˌwiːkˈend/
weekend  n.[C]周末

短语

Was & Now  以前的价格 & 现在的价格

This wasn't us.  这个不是我们弄得。

lucky number  幸运数字

语法练习

一:使用“was、were”来进行填空
例:It was cold on Monday.

①:I was at school on Friday.
②:John and Paul were very busy last week.
③:The woman was at the hairdresser's on Wednesday.
④:Were you at home on Saturday?
⑤:I was at my teacher's with my friend on Thursday.
⑥:Where were you at about two thirty on Monday?

二:仿照例句简短回答下列问题
例①:Was it May 16th on Saturday?
- Yes, it was.
①:Was it hot last week?
- Yes, she was.
②:Were you in bed at eleven on Saturday?
- Yes, I was.
③:Was John all right on Friday?
- Yes, he was.

例②:Were you at the greengrocer's on Thursday?
- No, I wasn't.
①:Were you at school on Friday?
- No, I wasn't.
②:Was she at the dentist's on Thursday?
- No, she wasn't.
③:Was it July 25th on Tuesday?
- No, it wasn't.

三:仿照例句使用所给的词来回答下列句子
例①:Were you at school last week?
- Yes, I was.
Was Mary at school last week, too?(at the office)
- No, she wasn't. She was at the office.
①:Was Jack absent from school on Tuesday?
- Yes, he was.
Was Jill absent from school on Thusday, too?(at school)
- No, she wasn't. She was at school.
②:Was it fine on Thursday?
- No, it wasn't.
Was it fine on Friday, too?(cloudy)
- No, it wasn't. It was cloudy.
③:Were you at your mother's on Monday?
- Yes, I was.
Was your sister at your mother's on Monday, too?(at the office)
- No, she wasn't. She was at the office.

例②:Were you at the stationer's at twenty to ten?
- No, I wasn't.
Was John there at that time?
- No, he wasn't there, either.
①:Was Ann at school on Friday?
- No, she wasn't.
Was Lisa at school on that day?
- No, she wasn't there, either.
②:Were you at the doctor's at eigght forty on Tuesday?
- No, I wasn't.
Were you at the dentist's at that time on that day?
- No, I wasn't at the dentist's, either.
③:Was John at home on Saturday?
- No, he wasn't.
Was he at home on Saturday?
- No, he wasn't at home on Saturday, either.