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Lesson 63:Thank you, doctor.(谢谢你,医生。)

一:情态动词“must”

对于情态动词,我们在第四十三章当中就已有所耳闻了。

“must”一词表“必须”的意思。

“must”在句子当中的变换方式与第四十三章当中所学到的另一个情态动词“can”相似。

语法:情态动词“must”的肯定句

结构:主语 + must + do[v.动词原型]

例子


1. hungry
I'm so hungry. I must eat some food.(我太饿了。我必须吃点东西。 | お腹が空いた。 食べないといけない。)


2. thirsty
I'm so thirsty. I must drink some water.(我很口渴。 我必须喝点水。 | 喉が渇いた。 水を飲まないといけない。)


3. tired
He's so tired. He must go to bed now.(他太累了。 他现在必须去睡觉了。 | 彼はとても疲れていた,もう寝ないといけない。)

语法:情态动词“must”的否定句

结构:主语 + must + not + do[v.动词原型]

*must not = mustn't

需要注意的是:
①:“mustn't”意为“禁止、不许”,而并非“不必须”之意;
②:由于其通常用来表达命令等表强烈的语气,因此在日常对话当中勿轻易使用。

例子


1. smoke
You mustn't smoke here.(你不可以在这里抽烟。 | ここでタバコを吸ってはいけません。)


2. stay
You mustn't stay here.(你不能在这里逗留。 | ここにいてはいけません。)

语法:情态动词“must”的一般疑问句

结构:Must + 主语 + do[v.动词原型]?

*“must”做一般疑问句的用法在现实当中并不常见。

例子


①:Must he go?(他一定要去吗? | 彼は行かなければいけない?)
②:Yes, he must.(是的,他得去。 | はい、行かなければいけない。)
③:No, he mustn't.(不,他不能去。 | いいえ、いけません。)

语法:情态动词“can”的特殊疑问句

结构:What + must + 主语 + do?

例子


①:What must she do?(她必须做什么? | 彼女は何をしなければなりませんか?)
②:She must clean her bedroom.(她必须打扫她的卧室。 | 彼女は寝室を掃除しなければなりません。)


二:如何表达“当然了 & 没问题”?

certainly(/ˈsɜːtnli/,adv.当然、可以)


单词

/ˈbetə/
better  adj.较好的,更好的[well的adj比较级]

/ˈsɜːtnli/
certainly  adv.当然、可以

/ˈɡet-ʌp/
get up  起床
相似:wake up(/weɪk-ʌp/,醒来)
它们之间的关系是:wake up at 6, but remain in bed, and get up at 8.(6点醒来,但仍躺在床上,8点起床。)

/jet/
yet  adv.还,仍

/rɪtʃ/
rich  adj.油腻的
例子:
①:rich food(油腻的食物。 | 油っこい食べ物)
②:I don't like rich food.(我不喜欢油腻的食物。 | 脂っこい食べ物は好きではありません。)

/fuːd/
food  n.[C/U]食物

/rɪˈmeɪn/
remain  v.保持,继续
例子:
①:He must remain in bed.(他必须继续躺在床上。 | 彼はベッドにいたままでなければなりません。)
②:He mustn't get up yet.(他还不能起来。 | 彼はまだ起きることがいけません。)

短语

certainly  当然了/没问题

语法练习

一:仿照例句提问
例:park my car here
- Can I park my car here?

①:use your pencil
- Can I use your pencil?
②:sit here
- Can I sit here?
③:borrow your bike
- Can I borrow your bike?
④:come to your house
- Can I come to your house?
⑤:stay in bed today
- Can I stay in bed today?
⑥:look at your new dress
- Can I look at your new dress?

二:仿照例句用所给的词回答下列问题
例①:How long must he stay in bed?(a week)
- He must stay in bed for a week.
①:How long must I take the medicine?(three days)
- You must take the medicine for three days.
②:How long must she work?(eight hours every day)
- She must work for eight hours every day.
③:How long must you play the piano?(about an hour every day)
- I must play the piano for about an hour every day.

例②:How long can I use your bike?(two weeks)
- You can use my bike for two weeks.
①:How long can you live here?(about three months)
- I can live here for about three months.
②:How long can students keep books from the library?(two months)
- Students can keep books from the library for two months.
③:How long can Mary play in the garden?(about two hours)
- She can play in the garden for about two hours.

三:仿照例句用所给的词回答下列问题
例:Why mustn't he open the window?(have a bad cold)
- Because he has a bad cold.

①:Why mustn't she go to school today?(have measles)
- Because she has measles.
②:Why mustn't I swim in the river?(have an earache)
- Because I have an earache.
③:Why mustn't he eat an ice cream?(have an toothache)
- Because he has an toothache.