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Lesson 49:At the butcher's(在肉店)

一:如何表达“牛排几分熟”?

How do you like your steak?(你想要几分熟的牛排?)

  1. raw:全生;
  2. rare:一分熟;
  3. medium rare:三分熟;
  4. medium:五分熟;
  5. medium well:七分熟;
  6. well done:全熟。

二:如何表达“我也不是”?

Me either.(我也不是。)

either(英:/ˈaɪðə/,美:/ˈiːðər/)

“either”用在与“too”相反的否定句式上,表“也不...”。


三:动词的第三人称单数?

“第三人称单数”是指英语中的“第三人称单数词(He、She、It等)”作为主语的形式。

当为一般现在时的句子当中出现了由第三人称(He、She、It、They等)且为单数(He、She、It等)的词作为主语部分时,其为一般现在时的句子当中作为谓语动词部分的动词就需要变为动词的第三人称单数(v. s)形式。

例子

I like this house.(我喜欢这里的房子。)
He likes this house.(他喜欢这里的房子。)

为什么动词的第三人称单数需要在动词的后面加“s”呢?

这是英语中的一种语法规则,叫做主谓一致。这意味着动词必须与主语在数量和人称上保持一致。当主语是第三人称单数名词或代词时,我们需要在动词后面加上“s”。

动词的第三人称单数的变化方式跟名词的单数变为复数的形式相同。

1. v. -s

直接在动词词尾加上“-s”。

例如“likes和wants等”

2. v. -es

如果动词词尾是“s、x、ch、sh、o”为结尾的话,则需要加上“-es”。

例如“watches、goes和washes”等。

3. v. -y → -i -es

如果动词词尾是“辅音字母 + y 结尾”的话,需要将词尾的“ y 结尾”变为“ i 结尾”再加上“-es”。

例如“cry → cries、fry → fries”等。

4. v. -y -es

如果动词词尾是“元音字母 + y 结尾”的话,直接加上“-s”即可。

例如“buy → buys、say → says”等。


四:一般现在时的“does”?

什么是一般现在时

“一般现在时”是表示客观事实、存在状态或习惯动作,既可以站在现在(Now),也可以站在将来(Future)或过去(Past),并不会只站在现在、将来或过去当中的某一个状态。

  *--------------*-------------*
过去(Past)   现在(Now)   将来(Future)
  | ------------ | ----------- |

“Does”是一般现在时中的第三人称单数形式的动词“do”的形式。

“do”放在句子当中可表强调的语气意思。当其放在了作主语的第三人称单数词(He、She、It等)的后面时,“do”需要变为“does”。

例子

I do want this job.(我真的很想要这份工作)
He does want this job.(他真的很想要这份工作。)

“does”的否定形式为“does not = doesn't”。

例子

He does want this job.(他真的很想要这份工作。)
He doesn't want this job.(他真的不想要这份工作。)


五:“some”的例外用法

Lesson 27当中我们学习了关于“some”和“any”的用法。

一般情况下“some”用于肯定句式当中,而“any”用于否定句式和疑问句式当中。

当如果一条疑问句是为表建议或请求并希望得到肯定回答的时候,得用“some”代替“any”。


单词

/ˈbʊtʃə/
butcher  n.[C]卖肉者

/miːt/
meat  n.[U](使用)肉

/læm/
lamb  n.[C/U]羔羊肉

/ˈhʌzbənd/
husband  n.[C]丈夫

/steɪk/
steak  n.[C/U]牛排

/mɪns/
mince  n.[U]肉馅

/ˈtʃɪkɪn/
chicken  n.[C/U]鸡、鸡肉

/tel/
tell  v.告诉

/truːθ/
truth  n.[U]实情

/ˈaɪðə/
either  adv.也(用于否定句当中)

短语

How do you like your steak?  你想要几分熟的牛排?

语法练习

一:仿照例句回答问题
例:Does he like steak?(some pieces)
- Yes, he does, He wants some pieces of steak.

①:Does he like beef?(two pounds)
- Yes, he does. He wants two pounds of beef.
②:Does your son like bread?(three loaves)
- Yes, he does. He wants three loaves of bread.
③:Does Linda like wine?(a bottle)
- Yes, she does. She wants a bottle of wine.

例:Does he want any cabbages?
- No, he doesn't. He doesn't like cabbages.

①:Does your wife want any lamb?
- No, she doesn't. She doesn't like lamb.
②:Does Tom want any lettuces?
- No, he doesn't. He doesn't like lettuces.
③:Does he want any coffee?
- No, he doesn't. He doesn't like coffee.

二:仿照例句根据答案提问,并做必要的修改
例:Does he like chicken?
- No, he doesn't. He doesn't like chicken.
What about beef?
- No, he doesn't like beef, either.

①:Does she like garden beef?
- No, she doesn't. She doesn't like garden beef.
Wat about cabbages?
- No, she doesn't like cabbages, either.
②:Does he like butter?
- No, he doesn't. He doesn't like butter.
What about jam?
- No, he doesn't like jam, either.
③:Does he like eggs?
- No, he doesn't. He doesn't like eggs.
What about grapes?
- No, he doesn't like grapes, either.

三:仿照例句用所给的词造句
例:he/some oranges/some peaches
- He wants some oranges, and he wants some peaches, too.
①:that woman/a pound of sugar/a jar of honey
- That woman wants a pound of sugar, and she wants a jar of honey, too.
②:the old man/two pounds of peas/six tomatoes
- The old man wants two pounds of peas. and he wants six tomatoes, too.
③:Marisa/thirteen loaves of bread/a pound of cheese
- Marisa wants thirteen loaves of bread. and she wants a pound of cheese, too.