Lesson 41：Penny's bag（彭妮的提包）
一：什么是不可数名词？
1. 可数名词（cn.）
简单来说，普通名词所表示的人或事物可按个数来进行计算的被称之为可数名词。
例子
There is a pen
There are some pens
“Lesson 15”此课当中所讲到的“单数/复数”是针对于可数名词而言。
2. 不可数名词（un.）
按照字面意思来理解，不可数的就是没法数出来的，这个汉语当中的说法在英语当中并不完全是。
例子
a piece of cheese（一块奶酪[在汉语当中可以说“一片奶酪”，但在英语当中不存在这个说法]）
不可数名词不存在复数这个概念。
例子
There are some cheeses (X)
There is some cheese (√)（有一些奶酪）
如何来判断名词的可数/不可数呢？
判断名词的可数/不可数可以参考以下的模糊原则。
1. 没有固定形状的
例如液体（milk）或气体（air）等...
2. 太小、由微小的物体组成的
例如：sand（沙子）、grass（草）、hair（头发）等...
3. 当成总体来称呼的
例如：food（食物）、money（钱[指全部的钱]）
4. 同一单词，多个含义的
*可以说，这里已经不是初学者首次学习英语时需要先掌握的地方了
有时同一个单词，其意思分为了很多种，而不同的意思也具有可数与不可数之分。
例子
Please give me some time.（请给我一点时间）此处的“time”表“时间”，因其没有固定的量化单位，所以是不可数的
We have experienced a beautiful time together.（我们一起度过了一段美好的时光）在此语境中，“time”表示“时光”，“一段时光”所表示的具体时间长度可有长有短，所以是可数的
遇到这种情况，我们能够做到的最好方法便是勤查字典。
二：表示数量的一些短语
- a piece of（一块、一张、一片）
- a loaf of（一条）
- a bar of（一块）
- a bottle of（一瓶）
- a pound of（一磅[英国与美国所使用的英制质量单位]，一磅等于453.59237克）
- half a pound of（半磅，半磅等于226.796185克）
- a quarter of（四分之一[1/4]）
- a tin of（一罐、一盒）
单词
/tʃiːz/
cheese n.[C/U]乳酪，奶酪
/bred/
bread n.[U]面包
/səʊp/
soap n.[U]肥皂
/ˈtʃɒklət/
chocolate n.[C/U]巧克力
/ˈʃʊɡə/
sugar n.[C/U]糖
/ˈkɒfi/
coffee n.[C/U]咖啡
/tiː/
tea n.[C/U]茶
/təˈbækəʊ/
tobacco n.[U]烟草，烟丝
语法练习
一：在 B 栏中寻找出可以与 A 栏中的短语搭配的词，有些词会存在重复使用
| 回答 | A 栏 | B 栏 | ||
| 1. | a piece of | a. | milk | |
| 2. | a slice of | b. | tobacco | |
| 3. | a bar of | c. | coffee | |
| 4. | a bottle of | d. | tea | |
| 5. | a cup of | e. | cake | |
| 6. | a tin of | f. | bread | |
| 7. | a loaf of | g. | water | |
| 8. | a pound of | h. | ink | |
| 9. | a glass of | i. | chocolate | |
| 10. | a pint of | j. | paper | |
| k. | beer | |||
| l. | sugar | |||
二：选择正确的短语完成以下的对话
| a piece of paper | a bottle of ink |
| a tin of tobacoo | half a pound of sugar |
| a bar of chocolate | a a loaf of bread |
| a cup of tea | a bottle of milk |
- Yes, there is.
Give me a piece of paper, please.
①：They're hungry. Is there any bread in the refrigerator?
- Yes, there is.
Give them a loaf of bread, please.
②：We are thirsty. Is there any milk in the kitchen?
- Yes, there is.
Give us a bottle of milk, please.
③：My son is going to do his homework. Is there any ink here?
- Yes, there is.
Give him a bottle of ink, please.
④：She's thirsty. Is there any tea here?
- Yes, there is.
Give her a cup of tea, please.
⑤：We're going to cook a meal. Is there any sugar?
- Yes, there is.
Give us half a pound of sugar, please.
⑥：The boy is crying. Is there any chocolate in the box?
- Yes, there is.
Give us a bar of chocolate, please.
⑦：We want to smoke. Is there any tobacco in the box?
- Yes, there is.
Give us a tin of tobaacco, please.
三：使用“a、an、some、any”来进行填空
①：Here is a cup. There is some water in the cup.
②：There is a peencil on the desk, but there isn't any paper there.
③：There is an orange and an apple in my bag.
④：Give me a piece of paper, a pen and some ink, please.
⑤：There is some chalk in the box and some ink in the bottle, but there isn't a pen or a pencil.
⑥：I'm going to give her some flowers. She's not very well.